Photobacterium damselae 91–197 (AP018045/6) chromosomes were utilized as outgroups. Evolutionary history was calculated using the neighbor-joining method with a bootstrap consensus of 500 replicates, and evolutionary distance was computed using the Jukes–Cantor method. Phylogenetic analysis was performed in two different software, CLC Genomic workbench v20.0 and MEGA X, with the same parameters for robustness comparison purposes, using the extracted alignment from the ANI analysis. A comparative heat map was constructed using the heat map tool with default parameters (Euclidean distance method and complete cluster linkages). A minimum similarity (0.8) and a minimum length (0.8) were used as parameters for CDS identity. initial seed length = 15 Allow mismatches = yes Min. Whole genomes were aligned to calculate the average nucleotide identity (ANI) using the CLC Genomic workbench v20 (CLC Bio) whole genome analysis tool with default parameters (Min. The genomes utilized are listed in Table 1. The doubling time was estimated using the optical density (OD) values, g = b − B, where b is the OD value at the end of the time interval and B is the OD value at the beginning of the time interval. Controls consisted of nonsupplemented TSB. Growth curves under iron-limited conditions were determined using three different 2,2-dipyridyl concentrations (100, 150, 250 µM). Bacterial growth was monitored spectrophotometrically until OD 600 ≈ 2.0 ± 0.3 (≈8 × 10 8 CFU/mL) using a Genesys 10 UV spectrophotometer (Thermo Spectronic, Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA). An inoculum of 300 μL of cells at mid-log phase (OD 600 ≈ 0.7) was added to 30 mL of fresh TSB into 250 mL flasks and incubated for 48 h at 15 ☌ and 28 ☌ with aeration (180 rpm) in an orbital shaker. angillarum J360 was inoculated in 3 mL of TSB and incubated in a roller for 24 h at 15 ☌. angillarum J360 growth curves were conducted in triplicates at 15 ☌, 28 ☌, and under rich and iron-limited conditions according to established protocols. anguillarum J360 or other Atlantic isolates could increase. anguillarum J360 does not possess a pJM1-like plasmid, typically present in virulent isolates from the Pacific Ocean, suggesting that acquisition of this extrachromosomal element and the virulence of V. Differences in the genomic organization were identified and associated with insertion sequence elements (ISs). anguillarum strain VIB43, isolated in Scotland, with a 99.8% genome identity. anguillarum J360 is closely related to V. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses showed that V. anguillarum J360 genome was shown to be composed of two chromosomes and two plasmids with a total genome size of 4.56 Mb with 44.85% G + C content. Koch’s postulates determined in naïve lumpfish showed lethal acute vibriosis in lumpfish. anguillarum strain J360 isolated from infected cultured lumpfish in Newfoundland, Canada. Here, we described the phenotype and genomic characteristics of V. anguillarum is one of the most frequent bacterial pathogens affecting lumpfish. Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus), a native fish of the North Atlantic Ocean, is utilized as cleaner fish to control sea lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations in the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) aquaculture industry. Vibrio anguillarum is a Gram-negative marine pathogen causative agent of vibriosis in a wide range of hosts, including invertebrates and teleosts.
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